If you’re curious about how Israel drafts its citizens, you’ve come to the right place. Below is a straight‑forward rundown of who serves, when they start, and what exceptions exist.
Both men and women are eligible for the draft. Most Jewish, Druze, and Circassian citizens must enlist, while Arab Muslims and Christians are generally exempt unless they volunteer. The typical age to receive a draft notice is 18, though some may be called a few months later depending on the military’s needs.
Service length differs by gender and role. Men usually serve for 32 months, women for about 24 months. Certain elite units or technical positions can extend the term, while some non‑combat roles may be shorter.
Health is the biggest factor for exemption. A medical board evaluates physical and mental fitness, and those who don’t meet standards receive a discharge or a reduced duty. Religious study, particularly in yeshivas, can grant a deferment – but the policy has tightened in recent years, pushing more students toward service.
Family circumstances also matter. Single parents, sole caregivers, or individuals with severe financial hardship can apply for a temporary or permanent exemption. The process involves paperwork and interviews with the IDF’s recruitment office.
There’s also the “Tal Law” loophole that once allowed ultra‑Orthodox men to avoid service. Recent court rulings have reshaped that rule, aiming for a more balanced approach, but the debate continues.
For volunteers from abroad, the process is similar but includes additional security checks. Many diaspora Jews join the “Mahal” program, serving for a year and gaining a unique experience.
Once enlisted, recruits go through basic training that lasts about 10 weeks. The curriculum covers physical fitness, weapons handling, and basic field tactics. Afterward, soldiers are assigned to a permanent unit based on the army’s needs and the individual’s skills.
During service, soldiers receive a modest stipend, housing, and meals. The army also offers educational benefits that can be used after discharge, like tuition assistance for university or vocational training.
In summary, Israel’s conscription system is built around a mix of compulsory service, health‑based exemptions, and limited deferments for religious or family reasons. Understanding the basics helps you see why the draft remains a central part of Israeli society and defense strategy.
More than 100 ultra‑Orthodox men were detained at Ben Gurion as they tried to reach Uman for the Rosh Hashanah pilgrimage. The crackdown, aimed at draft dodgers with active warrants, has sharpened the clash between Israel’s secular government and the Haredi community over military service. Breslov rabbis issued a stark warning, yet tens of thousands of pilgrims still plan to travel despite the risk.
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